Print Screen (often abbreviated Print Scrn, Prnt Scrn, Prt Scrn, Prt Scn, Prt Scr, Prt Sc or Pr Sc) is a key present on most PC keyboards. It is typically situated in the same section as the break key and scroll lock key. The print screen may share the same key as system request.
Original use[edit]
Under command-line based operating systems such as MS-DOS, this key causes the contents of the current text modescreen memory buffer to be copied to the standard printer port, usually LPT1. In essence, whatever is currently on the screen when the key is pressed will be printed. Pressing the Ctrl key in combination with Prt Sc turns on and off the 'printer echo' feature. When echo is in effect, any conventional text output to the screen will be copied ('echoed') to the printer. There is also a Unicode character for print screen, U+2399⎙PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL.
Open the Date and Time dialog box. Type the following command in the Start Search box or in the Search programs and files box, and then press ENTER. Timedate.cpl The Date and Time dialog box opens. Click Change date and time in the Date and Time dialog box. When the User Account Control dialog box opens, click Continue. Now, do one of the following, depending on what happens. In older versions of Windows, you can merely press the Print Screen key (also marked 'Print,' 'PrtScn,' or 'PrtSc' on some keyboards). This doesn't actually save a copy of the screen, it copies the screen into the Windows clipboard, which can then be pasted (Ctrl+V) into any image field or graphics editor, like Paint, Paint.NET. To take screenshots of menus in the current window use the Alt key and keep it held down throughout the entire procedure. Alt + a letter key to access menus, then arrow keys to move the selection, then Print Screen.
Modern use[edit]
Newer-generation operating systems using a graphical interface tend to save a bitmap image of the current screen, or screenshot, to their clipboard or comparable storage area. Some shells allow modification of the exact behavior using modifier keys such as the control key.
In Microsoft Windows, pressing Prt Sc will capture the entire screen,[1] while pressing the Alt key in combination with Prt Sc will capture the currently selected window.[1] The captured image can then be pasted into an editing program such as a graphics program or even a word processor. Pressing Prt Sc with both the left Alt key and left ⇧ Shift pressed turns on a high contrast mode (this keyboard shortcut can be turned off by the user).[2] Since Windows 8, pressing the ⊞ Win key in combination with Prt Sc (and optionally in addition to the Alt key) will save the captured image to disk (the default pictures location).[3] This behavior is therefore backward compatible with users who learned Print Screen actions under operating systems such as MS-DOS. In Windows 10, the Prt Sc key can be configured to open the 'New' function of the Snip & Sketch tool. This allows the user to take a full screen, specific window, or defined area screenshot and copy it to clipboard. This behaviour can be enabled by going to Snip & Sketch, accessing Settings via the menu and enabling the 'Use the PrtScn button to open screen snipping'.
In KDE and GNOME, very similar shortcuts are available, which open a screenshot tool (KSnapshot or GNOME Screenshot respectively), giving options to save the screenshot, plus more options like manually picking a specific window, screen area, using a timeout, etc. Sending the image to many services (KDE), or even screen recording (GNOME), is built-in too.[4][5]
Macintosh does not use a print screen key; instead, key combinations are used that start with ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift. These key combinations are used to provide more functionality including the ability to select screen objects. ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+3 captures the whole screen, while ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+4 allows for part of the screen to be selected. The standard print screen functions described above save the image to the desktop. However, using any of the key sequences described above, but additionally pressing the Ctrl will modify the behavior to copy the image to the system clipboard instead.
Online services[edit]
Capturing screenshots using print screen key is usually followed by pasting it directly to gmail or any other modern web service. You can paste it using ctrl+v or cmd+v. If it is not allowed to paste images directly, you can use online tools like https://ctrlv.link where you can paste your screenshot and get short unique text link you can paste anywhere.
Notable keyboards[edit]
On the IBM Model F keyboard, the key is labeled PrtSc and is located under the Enter key. On the IBM Model M, it is located next to the F12 key and is labeled Print Screen. How to download printer driver hp.
References[edit]
- ^ ab'Take a screen capture (print your screen) - Windows Help'. Microsoft. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ^'Turn on high contrast mode'. Microsoft. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ^'Take a screen capture (print your screen) - Windows Help'. Microsoft. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ^KSnapshot — KDE's screenshot tool.
- ^Screenshots and Screencasts – GNOME Help.
IBM PC keyboard (Windows, ANSI US layout) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esc | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | PrtScn/ SysRq | Scroll Lock | Pause/ Break |
| Insert | Home | PgUp | Num Lock | ∕ | ∗ | − | |||||||||
| Delete | End | PgDn | 7 | 8 | 9 | + | |||||||||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| ↑ | 1 | 2 | 3 | Enter | |||||||||||
| ← | ↓ | → | 0 Ins | . Del |
Print Values
print prints its argument and returns it invisibly (via invisible(x)). It is a generic function which means that new printing methods can be easily added for new classes.
- Keywords
Usage
Arguments
an object used to select a method.
further arguments passed to or from other methods.
logical, indicating whether or not strings should be printed with surrounding quotes.
integer, indicating how many levels should be printed for a factor; if 0, no extra 'Levels' line will be printed. The default, NULL, entails choosing max.levels such that the levels print on one line of width width.
only used when max.levels is NULL, see above.
minimal number of significant digits, see print.default.
character string (or NULL) indicating NA values in printed output, see print.default.
character specifying how zeros (0) should be printed; for sparse tables, using '.' can produce more readable results, similar to printing sparse matrices in Matrix.
logical, indicating whether or not strings should be right aligned.
character indicating if strings should left- or right-justified or left alone, passed to format.
logical indicating if internally stored source should be used for printing when present, e.g., if options(keep.source = TRUE) has been in use.
Details
The default method, print.default has its own help page. How to download adobe dc. Use methods('print') to get all the methods for the print generic.
print.factor allows some customization and is used for printing ordered factors as well.
print.table for printing tables allows other customization. As of R 3.0.0, it only prints a description in case of a table with 0-extents (this can happen if a classifier has no valid data).
See noquote as an example of a class whose main purpose is a specific print method.
References
Chambers, J. M. and Hastie, T. J. (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
Show Print Screen Shots
See Also
Find Recent Print Screen
The default method print.default, and help for the methods above; further options, noquote. How to cut video in iphone.
For more customizable (but cumbersome) printing, see cat, format or also write. For a simple prototypical print method, see .print.via.format in package tools.
Aliases
- print.factor
- print.function
- print.listof
- print.simple.list
- print.Dlist
- print.table
Examples
library(base)# NOT RUN {require(stats)ts(1:20) #-- print is the 'Default function' --> print.ts(.) is calledfor(i in 1:3) print(1:i)## Printing of factorsattenu$station ## 117 levels -> 'max.levels' depending on width## ordered factors: levels 'l1 < l2 < .'esoph$agegp[1:12]esoph$alcgp[1:12]## Printing of sparse (contingency) tablesset.seed(521)t1 <- round(abs(rt(200, df = 1.8)))t2 <- round(abs(rt(200, df = 1.4)))table(t1, t2) # simpleprint(table(t1, t2), zero.print = '.') # nicer to read## same for non-integer 'table':T <- table(t2,t1)T <- T * (1+round(rlnorm(length(T)))/4)print(T, zero.print = '.') # quite nicer,print.table(T[,2:8] * 1e9, digits=3, zero.print = '.')## still slightly inferior to Matrix::Matrix(T) for larger T## Corner cases with empty extents:table(1, NA) # < table of extent 1 x 0 ># }Community examples
See [`print.default()`](https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print.default) for more examples, particularly using other `..` arguments that aren't mentioned in the `print()` Usage.# Basic usageUnder most circumstances, variables will automatically print their contents when you type their name. You can make this explicit by calling the `print()` function. ```{r}x <- pi ^ (1:5)xprint(x)```If a variable name is typed from within a loop or a function ('not at the top-level'), then it won't print. In this case you have to explicitly call `print()` to print.```{r}for(month in month.abb) { month}for(month in month.abb) { print(month)}```# Printing `factor`s## `quote` argumentBy default, factor values and levels are printed without any quotes. By passing `quote = TRUE` you can make both elements and level be wrapped in double quotes. See also [`noquote()`](https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/noquote), which forces the strings to be printed without quotes.```{r}numbers <- c('one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six')dice <- factor(sample(numbers, 20, replace = TRUE), levels = numbers) print(dice)print(dice, quote = TRUE)```## `max.levels` argumentBy default, `print()` will display as many factor [`levels()`](https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/levels) as will fit on one line. If you have many levels, sometimes you may wish to see more of them. On other occasions, you may not wish to see any of the levels. `max.levels` lets you choose how many levels will be printed.```{r}x <- factor(rnorm(20))print(x) # print 1 line of levelsprint(x, max.levels = 0) # print no levelsprint(x, max.levels = 20) # print all levels```## `width` argumentThe `width` argument allows an alternate specification for how many levels are displayed. Whereas `max.levels` lets the user specify how many elements of `levels(x)` are displayed, `width` lets the user specify approximately how many _characters_ of `levels(x)` are displayed ```{r}x <- factor(rnorm(20))print(x) # print 1 line of levelsprint(x, width = 0) # print first levelprint(x, width = 200) # print 200 char of levels```# Printing `table`s## `digits` argumentThe `digits` argument controls the minimum number of significant digits displayed for numeric inputs. See [`print.default()`](https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print.default) for examples of how this argument is used with numeric vector inputs.Under most circumstances, `table` object contain counts, so this argument is unnecessary. However, it is also possible to do arithmetic with tables, leading to non-integer values.```{r}(x <- 1.234567 * table(sample(1:5, 100, replace = TRUE)))print(x, digits = 1)print(x, digits = 3)print(x, digits = 5)```## `quote` argumentThis works in the same way as for `factor`s. Setting `quote = TRUE` means that the counts are displayed wrapped in double quotes.```{r}(x <- table(sample(month.abb, 100, replace = TRUE)))print(x)print(x, quote = TRUE)```## `na.print` argumentAs with the `digits` argument, usually `table` objects contain counts, so this argument is unneeded. If you do arithmetic on the table values, it is possible for `NA`s to occur. By default, these are displayed as blank values. You may prefer them to be displaed as `'NA'` (or any other value). ```{r}(x <- table(sample(month.abb, 100, replace = TRUE)))x[x < 8] <- NAprint(x)print(x, na.print = 'NA')```## `zero.print` argumentIf you have an object with lots of zero values, it is sometimes easier to see what is happening by making those zeroes less conspicuous. `zero.print` let's you control what value is displayed; `'.'` is a popular choice.```{r}m1 <- sample(month.abb, 100, replace = TRUE)m2 <- sample(month.abb, 100, replace = TRUE)(x <- table(m1, m2))print(x)print(x, zero.print = '.')```
